Answer
In a confirmed case, this turned out to be simply incorrect authentication/token URLs configured in the Power Apps custom connector itself, not an actual incompatibility between Power Apps and IFS Cloud's OAuth2 implementation. If Postman works with the same credentials and flow type but the Power Apps custom connector doesn't, double-check every authorization/token endpoint URL entered in the connector's configuration first, since a working Postman test rules out the server-side OAuth2 setup and points toward a connector-configuration mistake instead.