Answer
No — there's no way, through configuration, to make a tab's visibility conditionally depend on the value of another field. Tabs CAN be hidden via Properties > Layout, and that hide/show state gets saved into a user's (or Base) profile, but it's a fixed, unconditional setting rather than something driven by a live field-value condition. Genuinely conditional tab visibility isn't achievable this way and would require an actual code-level customization.