Answer
Check that the Oracle client driver bitness actually matches what that specific Crystal version requires — Crystal Reports 2016 works with 32-bit Oracle client drivers, while Crystal 2020 (and Crystal Reports Server) specifically require 64-bit drivers instead. Uninstalling mismatched 32-bit drivers and installing the correct 64-bit ones resolves a 'not connecting to the database' symptom in this scenario, after which scheduling and emailing reports against IFS data works correctly.