Answer
Fnd_Session_Api.Is_Odp_Session() returns true specifically when the current session was initiated through the OData provider (the web client), and false otherwise — including when run from a direct SQL tool like SQL Developer, so it's a useful check for custom logic that needs to behave differently depending on whether it's genuinely being driven by web-client/API traffic, but it isn't a general-purpose "which client is this" detector beyond that OData-vs-not distinction.