Answer
No — the field-properties Default Value only controls what's shown as a suggested value when creating a new record in the client UI; it doesn't automatically get written to the database unless a value is explicitly saved for that field (whether by the user interacting with it, or some other explicit logic setting it). There's no system-wide option to force this default to auto-persist on insert — achieving that requires a customization (such as a Persistent custom field with a PL/SQL default-value expression, or a Custom Event that explicitly sets the value on insert) rather than relying on the field-properties Default Value alone.